Hypoxic Hypoxia

Cause by a decrease in pressure with altitude, with more altitude less air density, harder to breath oxygen

Hypemic Hypoxia

Occurs when the blood cells are unable to carry oxygen molecules

• Main and most common reason is the Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Stagnant Hypoxia

G forces does not let the blood-oxygen go to the brain, creating a lack of oxygen

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Occurs when the brain rejects the oxygen from the blood because of toxic substances like alcohol or drugs

Hypoxia Symptoms

• Headache
• Decrease Response Times
• Impaired Judgment
• Euphoria
• Dizzy Sensations
• Peripheral Cyanosis

Hypoxia Corrective Actions

• Descent to lower Altitudes
• Stop pulling G-Forces
• Don a Oxygen Mask

Causes

• Too fast breathing
• can be the reason of fear, stress or anxiety among other factors

Treatment

• Be conscious of your respiration
• Return the breathing to normal rate
• signing
• talking aloud
• breathing into a paper bag

Vestibular System

Organs found in the inner ear that sense position by the way we are balanced

Visual System

Eyes - Which sense position based on what is seen

Somatosensory System

Nerves in the skin, muscles, and joints that sense position based on gravity and feeling.

Inversion Illusion

When change from a climb to a straight an level flight, the pilot can have the illusion of enter on a descent

Coriolis Illusion

Is when a pilot has been in a turn long enough for the fluid in the semicircular canal to move at the same speed as the canal. A movement of the head may set the fluid moving, creating the illusion of turning or accelerating on an entirely different axis

Elevator Illusion

An abrupt upward or downward vertical acceleration can simulate on the otoliths organs to feel a climb or descent, making the pilot put the airplane in a pitch up or pitch down attitude

Leans

Sudden return to level flight following a gradual and prolonged turn that went unnoticed by the pilot

Graveyard Spiral-Spin

In a prolonged, coordinated, constant-rate turn a pilot may experience the illusion of not turning. During the recovery to level flight, the pilot will experience the feeling of turning to the opposite direction, entering in a bank, losing lift (Spiral)

Somatogravic Illusion

Acceleration feels a climb, Deceleration feels a descent

• Sloping cloud formation
• Obscured horizon

• Aurora borealis
• Certain geometric patterns of ground lights

A downsloping runway can create the illusion that the airplane is lower than it actually is, leading in a higher approach

A upsloping runway can create the illusion that the airplane is higher than it actually is, leading in a lower approach

Bright Runway lights and approach light systems may create the illusion of less distance to the runway, creating a higher approach

• The pilot who does not recognize this illusion will often fly a higher approach.

Lights along a straight path, such as a road, and even lights on moving trains can be mistaken for runway and approach lights.

• Conflict between Vestibular, Visual and Somatosensory Systems
• A pilot may experience motion sickness during initial flights.
• Anxiety and stress, can contribute to motion sickness.

Symptoms

• Headache
• Blurred Vision
• Dizziness
• Euphoria
• Loss of muscle power
• Cherry red skin
• DEATH

Corrective Actions

1. Turn off the cabin heat
2. Open windows for fresh air
3. Land as soon as possible or practical

Acute Stress

• Is due to a particularly stressful event

Chronic Stress

• Is due to a consistent sense of feelings pressured and overwhelmed over a long period of time

Acute Fatigue

• Is the normal fatigue we all feel at the end of the day, after a long day, after a stressful period of time or after a night with lack of sleep

Chronic Fatigue

• This fatigue extends over long periods of time.
• Also can be because an underlying disease

Causes

• Hot flight decks
• Humidity
• Diuretic drinks
• Coffee
• Green Tea
• Alcohol
• Energy Drinks

Symptoms

• Headache
• Dry Lips
• Dry mouth
• Fatigue
• Muscle cramping
• Dizziness
• Sleepiness

Controlled Dive

It’s when a person dives deep enough that they cannot immediately return to the surface at will

Uncontrolled Dive

It’s when the person does not dive deep enough an can immediately return to the surface at will

• ILLNESS
• Am i sick?
• Do i notice that my student is sick?
• Remember illness can affect the perceptions and the poor creations of insights

• MEDICATION
• Am I taking any medications that might affect my judgement?
• Is my student taking any medications that might affect my judgement?
• Look FAA or AOPA website to search information about your medication

Search Faa Medication Database

In order to proceed with your search of FAA medications, please read the disclaimer below. This database is compiled by the AOPA Medical Certification Department and is based upon confirmation with the FAA Aerospace Medical Certification Division in Oklahoma City.



www.aopa.org


• Contact an AME (Aviation Medical Examiner)

• STRESS
• Is my student under psychological stress from the job or training?
• Do i notice in my student abnormal reactions to stress?
• Do they meet the human basics needs?
• Physical stress
• Psychological stress

• ALCOHOL OR DRUGS
• Have my student been drinking within 8 hours? 24 hours? is him or her hungover/under the influence?
• Do they have more than 0.04% of alcohol in the blood?

• FATIGUE
• Are my students tired or not adequately rested?
• Are my students abusing at the gym?

• EMOTIONS - EATING
• Have my students experienced an emotionally upsetting event recently?
• Do they feel grate with the training?
• Are they happy with the progress
• Do i notice any Defense Mechanisms?

• Have you eat properly?
• Are you hydrated?
❔
Imagine a student who had lunch a bandeja paisa from Colombia and after that have a spin training?