Reference:

Learning Objective (Index)

• Learning Objective (Index)
• Key Points
• What
• Why
• How
• Pre Maneuver Checklist
• ABCDE Checklist
• Choose Your 90º Reference
• Va or Manufacture Recommended Speed
• Altitude above 1,500 ft
• First 90º, Roll into the 30º of Bank, Apply Full Power and Increase Slowly the Pitch
• Second 90º, Keep the Pitch and Start to Shallow the Bank
• When Completed the 180º Turn, Control the Airplane in the Minimum Controllable Airspeed and Recover
• When Recover Try Not to Lose Altitude
• Cruise Checklist
• Common Errors
• ACS Standards
• Commercial ACS

Key Points

• Maximum Performance
• 1st 90o - Constant Bank, Changing Pitch
• 2nd 90o - Constant Pitch, Changing Bank
• Coordination
• Airmanship skills

What

• A chandelle is a maximum performance climbing turn beginning from approximately straight and level flight and ending at the completion of a precise 180º turn in a wings level, nose high attitude and at the minimum controllable airspeed.
• The airplane should gain the most altitude possible for a given degree of bank and power setting without stalling.

Why

• This maneuver develops the pilot’s
• Coordination
• Orientation
• Planning
• Accuracy of control during maximum performance flight.

How

Pre Maneuver Checklist

Choose Your 90º Reference

Va or Manufacture Recommended Speed

Altitude above 1,500 ft

First 90º, Roll into the 30º of Bank, Apply Full Power and Increase Slowly the Pitch

Second 90º, Keep the Pitch and Start to Shallow the Bank

When Completed the 180º Turn, Control the Airplane in the Minimum Controllable Airspeed and Recover

When Recover Try Not to Lose Altitude

Cruise Checklist

Common Errors

1. Not clearing the area
2. Initial bank is too shallow resulting in a stall
3. Initial bank is too steep resulting in failure to gain maximum performance
4. Allowing the bank angle to increase after initial establishment
5. Not starting the recovery at the 90° point in the turn
6. Allowing the pitch attitude to increase as the bank is rolled out during the second 90° of turn
7. Leveling the wings prior to the 180° point being reached
8. Pitch attitude is low on recovery resulting in airspeed well above stall speed
9. Application of flight control pressures is not smooth
10. Poor flight control coordination
11. Stalling at any point during the maneuver
12. Execution of a steep turn instead of a climbing maneuver
13. Not scanning for other traffic during the maneuver
14. Performing by reference to the instruments rather than visual references

ACS Standards

Commercial ACS

• Clear the area.
• Select an altitude that will allow the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
• Establish the appropriate entry configuration, power, and airspeed.
• Establish the angle of bank at approximately 30°.
• Simultaneously apply power and pitch to maintain a smooth, coordinated climbing turn, in either direction, to the 90° point, with a constant bank and continually decreasing airspeed.
• Begin a coordinated constant rate rollout from the 90° point to the 180° point maintaining power and a constant pitch attitude.
• Complete rollout at the 180° point, ±10° just above a stall airspeed, and maintaining that airspeed momentarily avoiding a stall.
• Resume a straight-and-level flight with minimum loss of altitude.