Reference:
Attention: There is a lot more to turning than you may think. Having a solid understanding of turning dynamics will make many other maneuvers much easier.
Motivation:
Objective: The Student Will Have Knowledge of The Elements Related to Establishing and Maintaining A Level Turn.
Learning Objective (Index)
- Learning Objective (Index)
- Key Points
- What
- Why
- How
- Flight Controls
- Vertical Component of Lift, Horizontal Component of Lift and Resultant lift
- Adverse Yaw
- Rate of Turn
- Over Banking Tendency
- Coordination
- Outside Reference
- Cross Check with Instruments
- Common Errors
Key Points
- Increased Back Pressure
- Coordination (Adverse Yaw)
- Control Pressures
What
A level turn is a turn in which altitude and airspeed are maintained.
Why
Level turns are the building blocks to many more difficult maneuvers and will help the pilot in controlling the airplane.
How
Flight Controls
Vertical Component of Lift, Horizontal Component of Lift and Resultant lift
Adverse Yaw
Rate of Turn
Over Banking Tendency
Coordination
Outside Reference
Cross Check with Instruments
Common Errors
- Failure to adequately clear in the direction of turn for aircraft traffic.
- Gaining or losing altitude during the turn.
- Not holding the desired bank angle constant.
- Attempting to execute the turn solely by instrument reference.
- Leaning away from the direction of the turn while seated.
- Insufficient feel for the airplane as evidenced by the inability to detect slips or skids without reference to flight instruments.
- Attempting to maintain a constant bank angle by referencing only the airplane’s nose.
- Making skidding flat turns to avoid banking the airplane.
- Holding excessive rudder in the direction of turn.
- Gaining proficiency in turns in only one direction.
- Failure to coordinate the controls.