Reference:
Attention:
Motivation:
Objective:
Learning Objective (Index)
- Learning Objective (Index)
- @Airplane Weight and Balance
- Effects of Atmospheric Conditions
- Types of Altitudes
- Indicated Altitude
- True Altitude
- Absolute Altitude
- Pressure Altitude
- Density Altitude
- Types of Airspeed
- Indicated Airspeed
- Calibrated Airspeed
- True Airspeed
- Groundspeed
- Performance Charts
- Airspeed Calibration Chart
- Stall Speed Chart
- Temperature Conversion Chart
- Takeoff Distance Chart
- Rate of Climb Chart
- Time, Fuel and Distance to Climb Chart (TOC)
- Cruise Performance Chart
- Landing Distance Chart
- Range Profile Chart
- Crosswind Component Chart
Airplane Weight and Balance
Effects of Atmospheric Conditions
Before we jump into our discussion on the performance charts and calculating performance data, we need to understand some terms and definitions
Types of Altitudes
Indicated Altitude
Is the altitude indicated by the altitude
True Altitude
Is the vertical distance of your airplane above sea level (MSL)
- Is indicated in your altimeter when you set the actual pressure (29.XX)
- All the depicted airspace in the sectional, victor airways, obstacles are shown in true altitude
Absolute Altitude
Absolute Altitude
Is the distance measurement of your plane above the ground (AGL)
Pressure Altitude
Altitude showing when set the altimeter to standard pressure 29.92
- We use pressure altitude to find the density altitude
- How to calculate pressure altitude?
- Put the altimeter setting at 29.92 in the Kollsman window
- Formula
- ((29,92)-(Actual Alt Setting)) x 1.000 = add the result to the field elevation
- Ex. (29,92 - 30,10) x 1.000 = -180 + 3.082 = Pressure altitude = 2.902 ft
- Chart
Density Altitude
Density Altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature
- The altitude the airplane feels like
- How to calculate pressure altitude?
- E6B Flight Computer
- Chart
Types of Airspeed
Indicated Airspeed
It’s the reading directly off the airspeed indicator
- Airspace speeds limits, ATC assigning airspeed are in indicated airspeed
Calibrated Airspeed
Is IAS corrected for instrument and positional errors
- At some airspeeds with some flaps settings, the installation and instrument error may change several knots
- At cruise or at higher airspeed, CAL and IAS are quite the same, difference in 1 or 2 knots
True Airspeed
Is the speed of your aircraft relative to the air it’s flying through
- As you climb, there is less pressure, so for any given TAS, fewer air molecules will enter the pitot tube
- At higher altitude, TAS always will be higher than IAS
- For every thousand feet above sea level, TAS is about 2% higher than IAS
Groundspeed
Is the movement of your airplane relative to the ground
- It’s TAS corrected for wind
- With a true airspeed of 100 knots and a tailwind of 20 knots you would be flying a groundspeed of 120 knots
- Can be calculated with the back side of the E6B
Performance Charts
Performance is a term used to describe the ability of an aircraft to accomplish certain things that make it useful for certain purposes
Airspeed Calibration Chart
Stall Speed Chart
Temperature Conversion Chart
Takeoff Distance Chart
Rate of Climb Chart
Time, Fuel and Distance to Climb Chart (TOC)
Cruise Performance Chart
Landing Distance Chart
Range Profile Chart
Crosswind Component Chart
