Reference: FAA-H-8083-3B page 5-11

Learning Objective (Index)

• Learning Objective (Index)
• Key Points
• What
• Why
• How
• Before Takeoff Checklist
• Takeoff Roll
• Climb at Vx Until Clear the Obstacle Then Vy
• Above 1,000ft AGL Climb Checklist
• Common Errors
• ACS Standards
• Private ACS Standards
• Commercial ACS Standards

Key Points

• Constant Back Pressure
• Transfer Weight from The Wheel to The Wings
• Stay in Ground Effect Until Reaching Vy or Vx for obstacle clearance

What

• Attempting to take off from a soft, often uneven surface which could produce enough drag to prevent the airplane from reaching normal takeoff speed.

Why

• Soft surfaces or long wet grass surfaces can reduce the aircraft's acceleration so much during the takeoff roll that adequate takeoff speed may not be attained if normal takeoff techniques are used.

How

Before Takeoff Checklist

Takeoff Roll

1. When entering the Runway, try not to use brake to align with the center line, only use pedals and always with a back pressure in the joke
2. As soon as you are align with the runway center line:
1. Full Power, Full power is set
2. Airspeed is Alive
3. Instruments on the green
3. Maintain the back pressure until the aircraft rotate
4. As soon as the aircraft lift-off, level the nose to the horizon (reduce the back pressure) and remain in ground effect, when reach Vx or Vy, start the climb

Climb at Vx Until Clear the Obstacle Then Vy

• After clear the obstacle or if there is no obstacle, above 50ft flaps up (gear up) and pitch for Vy

Above 1,000ft AGL Climb Checklist

Common Errors

• Failure to review AFM/POH and performance charts prior to takeoff.
• Failure to adequately clear the area.
• Insufficient back-elevator pressure during initial takeoff roll resulting in inadequate AOA.
• Failure to cross-check engine instruments for indications of proper operation after applying power.
• Poor directional control.
• Climbing too high after lift-off and not leveling off low enough to maintain ground effect altitude.
• Abrupt and/or excessive elevator control while attempting to level off and accelerate after liftoff.
• Allowing the airplane to “mush” or settle resulting in an inadvertent touchdown after lift-off.
• Attempting to climb out of ground effect area before attaining sufficient climb speed.
• Failure to anticipate an increase in pitch attitude as the airplane climbs out of ground effect.

ACS Standards

Private ACS Standards

• Complete the appropriate checklist.
• Make radio calls as appropriate.
• Verify assigned/correct runway.
• Ascertain wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
• Position the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.
• Clear the area; taxi into the takeoff position and align the airplane on the runway centerline.
• Confirm takeoff power; and proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
• Establish and maintain a pitch attitude that will transfer the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible.
• Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed and remain in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.
• Establish a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed +10/-5 knots during the climb.
• Retract landing gear and flaps after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with aircraft manufacturer’s guidance.
• Maintain VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
• Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
• Comply with noise abatement procedures.

Commercial ACS Standards

• Same as the Private +
• Establish a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed +/-5 knots during the climb.
• Maintain VX or VY +/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.