Reference:
Attention: Steep turns – making a turn can be a little fun sometimes!
Motivation:
Objective: The Student Will Understand The Elements Related to Steep Turns (Load Factors, Torque, Adverse Yaw, And the Over-Banking Tendency). The Student Will Also Have the Ability to Perform Steep Turns as Required by the ACS.
Learning Objective (Index)
- Learning Objective (Index)
- Key Points
- What
- Why
- How
- Pre Maneuver Checklist
- ABCDE Checklist
- Considerations
- What Makes an Airplane Turn
- Load Factos
- Left Turn Tendencies
- Adverse Yaw
- Over-banking Tendency
- Common Errors
- ACS Standards
- Private ACS
- Commercial ACS
Key Points
- Over-Banking Tendency
- Coordination
- Increased Back Pressure & Thrust Are Required to Maintain Altitude
- Maintain Altitude with Elevators & Bank Angle
What
- The steep turn maneuver consists of a constant altitude max performance turn in either direction, using a bank angle between 45º to 60º (45º - Private, or 50º - Commercial
Why
- Develop
- Smoothness
- Coordination
- Orientation
- Division of attention
- Control techniques necessary for the execution of maximum performance turns
How
Pre Maneuver Checklist
ABCDE Checklist
- Altitude above 1,500ft AGL
- Best Place To Land
- Clearing Turns and Checklist
- Seatbelts adjust
- Fuel valve on
- Circuit Brakers all in
- Mixture Rich
- Carb-Heat OFF
- Primer In and Lock
- Declare Your Intentions in the Traffic Area
- Execute
Considerations
What Makes an Airplane Turn
Load Factos
Left Turn Tendencies
Adverse Yaw
Over-banking Tendency
Common Errors
- Not clearing the area
- Inadequate pitch control on entry or rollout
- Gaining altitude or losing altitude
- Failure to maintain constant bank angle
- Poor flight control coordination
- Ineffective use of trim
- Ineffective use of power
- Inadequate airspeed control
- Becoming disoriented
- Performing by reference to the flight instrument rather than visual reference
- Failure to scan for other traffic during the maneuver
- Attempts to start recovery prematurely
- Failure to stop the turn on designated heading
ACS Standards
Private ACS
- Clear the area.
- Establish the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed or, if not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.
- Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 45° bank.
- Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.
- Maintain the entry
- Altitude ±100 feet
- Airspeed ±10 knots
- Bank ±5°
- Roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
Commercial ACS
- Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 50° bank.
- Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.
- Maintain the entry
- Altitude ±100 feet
- Airspeed ±10 knots
- Bank ±5°
- Roll out on the entry heading ±10°.